Peer-Reviewed Evidence: Rubber Agroforestry Builds Healthier Soils Than Monoculture
A new study from Phatthalung Province, Thailand adds to the independent evidence base that diversified rubber systems outperform monoculture on soil health, the same principle at the heart of Moreganic’s certification model.
Soil Health Comparison
A peer-reviewed study published in the ASEAN Journal of Scientific & Technological Reports has compared soil quality between rubber agroforestry systems and rubber monoculture plantations in southern Thailand. The findings are consistent with what field experience in rubber-growing landscapes has long suggested: diversified systems produce measurably healthier soils.
The study examined plots in Phatthalung Province, measuring organic matter, nutrient levels, and vegetation cover (NDVI) across agroforestry and monoculture sites over a six-year period. The results showed that agroforestry plots contained 25% more soil organic matter (3.30% vs 2.63% OM at 0–30 cm depth), with consistently higher levels of total nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Vegetation cover, measured by NDVI from 2017 to 2023, averaged 63% in agroforestry plots versus 58% in monoculture.
Key Findings
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+25%
Soil organic matter (agroforestry vs monoculture)
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63% vs 58%
Vegetation cover (NDVI) 2017–2023 average
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4 of 5
Key nutrients higher in agroforestry plots
Implications for Certification
Phosphorus was the one exception, where no significant difference was detected between the two systems, which the authors note may reflect site-specific soil chemistry rather than a systemic pattern.
For Moreganic, this kind of independent data matters. The certification model is built on the premise that agroforestry-based rubber cultivation delivers real ecological value that monoculture systems do not, and that farmers who manage their land accordingly deserve recognition and a verifiable market advantage. Studies like this one strengthen the credibility of that premise with evidence gathered outside any certification framework, in conditions that reflect the reality of smallholder farming in Thailand.
Moreganic does not cite this research as proof that certified farms automatically deliver these outcomes. What certification provides is a structured, audited pathway for farmers to demonstrate that they are managing towards these outcomes, and for buyers to verify that claim. The science provides the rationale; the standard provides the mechanism.
The full study is available open access via the ASEAN Journal of Scientific & Technological Reports: Regeneration of Soil Fertility in Relationship with the Diversification of Rubber Agroforestry Systems.
Source: Tongkaemkaew, U., Commons, M., Verhofste, M.S.R., Phooi, C.L., Wonglom, P., & Bua-Khwan, B. (2025). Regeneration of Soil Fertility in Relationship with the Diversification of Rubber Agroforestry Systems. ASEAN Journal of Scientific & Technological Reports. DOI: 10.55164/ajstr.v28i2.255018